Electricity Prices by State, 1990 to 2025

Hawaii's residential electricity cost 40.40 cents per kWh in 2025, the highest of any state and more than three times North Dakota's 11.82.

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What the data shows

In 2025, Hawaii ranks #1 with 40.40¢, ahead of California (31.35¢) and Massachusetts (30.41¢).
Back in 1990, New York was #1 with 11.44¢.
The top spot changed hands 3 times: Hawaii in 1996, New Hampshire in 1998 and Hawaii in 1999.
Biggest climber: Massachusetts, from #9 in 1990 to #3 in 2025.
Hawaii grew 3.9× between 1990 and 2025.

About this chart

Hawaii pays the most for residential electricity, 40.40 cents per kilowatt-hour in 2025, up from 10.26 in 1990. California is second at 31.35, then Massachusetts (30.41), Rhode Island (29.48) and Connecticut (29.31). New York had the highest price in 1990, Hawaii took over in 1996, New Hampshire led briefly in 1998, and Hawaii has led since 1999. North Dakota had the lowest 2025 price among the states, at 11.82.

The data is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's average retail price for residential customers, in nominal cents per kilowatt-hour, so it is not adjusted for inflation. Values are calendar-year averages, and 2025 is the latest full year. The chart includes the 12 highest states in 2025 plus any state that once had the highest price. DC is excluded.

The data

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly / bulk dataset ELEC (series ELEC.PRICE.<state>-RES.A, average retail price of electricity, residential, annual), updated 2026-10-21. Retrieved November 4, 2026. Nominal cents per kilowatthour (not inflation-adjusted), calendar-year averages. 2025 is the latest full year; 2026 is not complete. Includes the 12 highest states in 2025 plus any state that had the highest price in any year (states only, DC excluded).

Electricity Prices by State, Residential price, cents per kWh, 1990-2025, 1990–2025
Date	Hawaii	California	Massachusetts	Rhode Island	Connecticut	Maine	New York	Alaska	New Hampshire	Vermont	New Jersey	Michigan
1990	10.26¢	9.98¢	9.66¢	9.84¢	10.01¢	9.30¢	11.44¢	10.11¢	10.34¢	9.27¢	10.36¢	7.83¢
1991	10.52¢	10.79¢	10.40¢	10.99¢	10.51¢	10.45¢	11.97¢	10.67¢	10.38¢	9.53¢	10.81¢	8.06¢
1992	10.90¢	11.07¢	10.62¢	11.17¢	11.07¢	11.37¢	12.43¢	10.82¢	11.36¢	9.56¢	10.87¢	8.11¢
1993	12.28¢	11.30¢	11.00¢	11.38¢	11.39¢	11.43¢	13.17¢	11.15¢	12.31¢	9.84¢	11.41¢	8.16¢
1994	12.45¢	11.43¢	11.09¢	11.26¢	11.47¢	12.32¢	13.55¢	11.32¢	12.91¢	9.96¢	11.54¢	8.28¢
1995	13.32¢	11.61¢	11.26¢	11.47¢	11.95¢	12.51¢	13.90¢	11.24¢	13.50¢	10.52¢	11.98¢	8.34¢
1996	14.26¢	11.33¢	11.25¢	11.81¢	12.05¢	12.58¢	14.04¢	11.36¢	13.44¢	10.99¢	11.99¢	8.47¢
1997	14.80¢	11.50¢	11.59¢	12.12¢	12.13¢	12.75¢	14.12¢	11.44¢	13.67¢	11.45¢	12.08¢	8.57¢
1998	13.82¢	10.60¢	10.60¢	10.91¢	11.95¢	13.02¢	13.66¢	11.50¢	13.92¢	11.61¢	11.39¢	8.67¢
1999	14.30¢	10.64¢	10.09¢	10.12¢	11.46¢	13.07¢	13.23¢	11.16¢	13.64¢	12.17¢	11.40¢	8.73¢
2000	16.41¢	10.89¢	10.53¢	11.28¢	10.86¢	12.49¢	13.97¢	11.45¢	13.15¢	12.30¢	10.27¢	8.52¢
2001	16.34¢	12.09¢	12.47¢	12.13¢	10.90¢	13.13¢	14.04¢	12.12¢	12.49¢	12.67¢	10.21¢	8.26¢
2002	15.63¢	12.64¢	10.93¢	10.20¢	10.96¢	12.74¢	13.55¢	12.05¢	11.89¢	12.78¢	10.38¢	8.28¢
2003	16.73¢	12.23¢	11.60¢	11.61¢	11.31¢	12.37¢	14.31¢	11.98¢	11.98¢	12.82¢	10.67¢	8.35¢
2004	18.06¢	12.20¢	11.75¢	12.19¢	11.63¢	12.16¢	14.54¢	12.44¢	12.49¢	12.94¢	11.23¢	8.33¢
2005	20.70¢	12.51¢	13.44¢	13.04¢	13.64¢	13.23¢	15.72¢	13.30¢	13.51¢	12.96¢	11.74¢	8.40¢
2006	23.35¢	14.33¢	16.60¢	15.12¢	16.86¢	13.80¢	16.89¢	14.83¢	14.68¢	13.39¢	12.84¢	9.77¢
2007	24.12¢	14.42¢	16.23¢	14.05¢	19.11¢	16.52¢	17.10¢	15.18¢	14.88¢	14.15¢	14.14¢	10.21¢
2008	32.50¢	13.81¢	17.56¢	17.45¢	19.54¢	16.24¢	18.31¢	16.56¢	15.68¢	14.48¢	15.66¢	10.75¢
2009	24.20¢	14.74¢	16.87¢	15.60¢	20.33¢	15.64¢	17.50¢	17.14¢	16.39¢	14.90¢	16.31¢	11.60¢
2010	28.10¢	14.75¢	14.59¢	15.92¢	19.25¢	15.72¢	18.74¢	16.26¢	16.32¢	15.57¢	16.57¢	12.46¢
2011	34.68¢	14.78¢	14.67¢	14.33¢	18.11¢	15.38¢	18.26¢	17.62¢	16.52¢	16.26¢	16.23¢	13.27¢
2012	37.34¢	15.34¢	14.91¢	14.40¢	17.34¢	14.66¢	17.62¢	17.88¢	16.07¢	17.01¢	15.78¢	14.13¢
2013	36.98¢	16.23¢	15.83¢	15.20¢	17.55¢	14.35¢	18.79¢	18.12¢	16.33¢	17.14¢	15.73¢	14.59¢
2014	37.04¢	16.25¢	17.39¢	17.17¢	19.75¢	15.27¢	20.07¢	19.14¢	17.53¢	17.47¢	15.78¢	14.46¢
2015	29.60¢	16.99¢	19.83¢	19.29¢	20.94¢	15.61¢	18.54¢	19.83¢	18.50¢	17.09¢	15.81¢	14.42¢
2016	27.47¢	17.39¢	19.00¢	18.62¢	20.01¢	15.83¢	17.58¢	20.30¢	18.38¢	17.37¢	15.72¢	15.22¢
2017	29.50¢	18.31¢	20.06¢	18.32¢	20.29¢	15.97¢	18.03¢	21.27¢	19.20¢	17.68¢	15.65¢	15.40¢
2018	32.47¢	18.84¢	21.61¢	20.55¢	21.20¢	16.84¢	18.52¢	21.94¢	19.69¢	18.02¢	15.41¢	15.45¢
2019	32.06¢	19.15¢	21.92¢	21.73¢	21.87¢	17.89¢	17.94¢	22.92¢	20.05¢	17.71¢	15.85¢	15.74¢
2020	30.28¢	20.45¢	21.97¢	22.01¢	22.71¢	16.81¢	18.36¢	22.57¢	19.04¢	19.54¢	16.03¢	16.26¢
2021	33.49¢	22.82¢	22.89¢	22.30¢	21.91¢	17.02¢	19.48¢	22.55¢	19.85¢	19.26¢	16.35¢	17.54¢
2022	43.03¢	25.84¢	25.97¢	23.21¢	24.61¢	22.44¢	22.08¢	23.10¢	25.46¢	19.93¢	16.74¢	17.86¢
2023	42.39¢	29.51¢	29.61¢	27.02¢	29.88¢	27.42¢	22.24¢	23.90¢	28.15¢	20.82¢	17.70¢	18.84¢
2024	42.86¢	31.97¢	29.35¢	28.65¢	28.75¢	24.29¢	24.43¢	24.82¢	23.40¢	21.90¢	19.34¢	19.30¢
2025	40.40¢	31.35¢	30.41¢	29.48¢	29.31¢	27.69¢	26.39¢	26.11¢	24.53¢	22.79¢	22.48¢	20.03¢

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Frequently asked questions

Which state has the most expensive electricity?

Hawaii, at 40.40 cents per kilowatt-hour for residential customers in 2025. California (31.35), Massachusetts (30.41), Rhode Island (29.48) and Connecticut (29.31) follow.

Which state has the cheapest electricity?

North Dakota had the lowest residential price among states in 2025, at 11.82 cents per kilowatt-hour. That is less than a third of Hawaii's price.

How much has electricity cost risen in California?

California's residential price rose from 9.98 cents per kilowatt-hour in 1990 to 31.35 in 2025, according to the EIA. These are nominal prices, so part of the rise reflects general inflation.

Where does this data come from?

U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly / bulk dataset ELEC (series ELEC.PRICE.<state>-RES.A, average retail price of electricity, residential, annual), updated 2026-10-21. Retrieved November 4, 2026. Nominal cents per kilowatthour (not inflation-adjusted), calendar-year averages. 2025 is the latest full year; 2026 is not complete. Includes the 12 highest states in 2025 plus any state that had the highest price in any year (states only, DC excluded). You can download the full table as a CSV from this page.

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