Richest countries in Europe, 1990 to 2025
Luxembourg is Europe's richest country by income per person at about $156.5K in 2025 (PPP), with Ireland close behind at $155.1K and Norway at $104.0K.
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What the data shows
- In 2025, Luxembourg ranks #1 with $156.5K, ahead of Ireland ($155.1K) and Norway ($104.0K).
- Luxembourg holds #1 for the whole period, 1990 to 2025.
- Biggest climber: Ireland, from #14 in 1990 to #2 in 2025.
- Luxembourg grew 5.2× between 1990 and 2025.
About this chart
Luxembourg has the highest GDP per person in Europe at about $156.5 thousand in 2025, and Ireland is only $1.4 thousand behind at $155.1 thousand. The gap to third-place Norway ($104.0 thousand) and Switzerland ($102.5 thousand) is large. Luxembourg was also first in 1990, at $29.9 thousand, ahead of Switzerland ($28.9 thousand), Iceland ($22.8 thousand), Sweden ($20.4 thousand) and Germany ($19.5 thousand). Ireland did not make the 1990 top five.
The measure is GDP per person in purchasing power parity (PPP), in current international dollars, from the World Bank. PPP adjusts for differences in local prices, but the figures are not adjusted for inflation over time. Both Luxembourg and Ireland host many multinational companies and, in Luxembourg's case, workers who commute from neighboring countries, which can raise the average above what residents earn. The Netherlands ($87.3 thousand), Iceland ($83.4 thousand), Denmark ($83.2 thousand), Austria ($76.8 thousand), Germany ($75.4 thousand) and Belgium ($74.7 thousand) complete the top ten.
The data
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD), GDP per person, PPP, current international $ thousands; Europe. Retrieved November 4, 2026.
| Date | 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 🇮🇪 Ireland | 🇳🇴 Norway | 🇨🇭 Switzerland | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 🇮🇸 Iceland | 🇩🇰 Denmark | 🇦🇹 Austria | 🇩🇪 Germany | 🇧🇪 Belgium | 🇸🇪 Sweden | 🇫🇮 Finland | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 🇮🇹 Italy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | $29.9K | $13.7K | $18.4K | $28.9K | $19.2K | $22.8K | $18.2K | $19.4K | $19.5K | $18.7K | $20.4K | $18.1K | $16.5K | $18.7K |
| 1991 | $33.2K | $14.4K | $19.5K | $29.2K | $20.2K | $23.2K | $19.1K | $20.5K | $21.0K | $19.6K | $20.7K | $17.6K | $16.8K | $19.6K |
| 1992 | $34.1K | $15.1K | $20.5K | $29.5K | $20.8K | $22.6K | $19.8K | $21.2K | $21.7K | $20.3K | $20.8K | $17.3K | $17.3K | $20.2K |
| 1993 | $35.9K | $15.8K | $21.5K | $29.9K | $21.4K | $23.2K | $20.2K | $21.6K | $21.9K | $20.5K | $20.7K | $17.5K | $18.3K | $20.5K |
| 1994 | $37.6K | $17.0K | $22.9K | $30.7K | $22.4K | $24.4K | $21.7K | $22.6K | $22.9K | $21.5K | $21.8K | $18.5K | $19.6K | $21.4K |
| 1995 | $38.3K | $18.9K | $24.2K | $31.3K | $23.5K | $24.8K | $22.7K | $23.6K | $23.6K | $22.4K | $23.1K | $19.6K | $20.7K | $22.4K |
| 1996 | $39.7K | $20.5K | $26.6K | $32.0K | $24.6K | $25.6K | $23.7K | $24.4K | $24.2K | $22.7K | $24.0K | $20.1K | $22.0K | $23.1K |
| 1997 | $42.5K | $22.6K | $28.4K | $33.2K | $26.1K | $27.4K | $24.9K | $25.3K | $24.6K | $23.7K | $24.8K | $21.8K | $23.2K | $23.9K |
| 1998 | $44.3K | $25.1K | $28.0K | $34.2K | $27.7K | $29.2K | $25.8K | $26.5K | $25.4K | $24.4K | $25.9K | $23.6K | $23.8K | $25.1K |
| 1999 | $49.8K | $27.0K | $30.4K | $35.2K | $29.3K | $30.0K | $26.6K | $27.5K | $26.5K | $25.4K | $27.5K | $24.8K | $24.6K | $25.7K |
| 2000 | $55.1K | $30.2K | $36.8K | $37.1K | $31.9K | $30.2K | $28.6K | $29.2K | $27.5K | $27.8K | $29.6K | $26.8K | $26.6K | $27.2K |
| 2001 | $56.1K | $32.6K | $37.7K | $38.3K | $33.3K | $32.2K | $29.5K | $29.6K | $28.7K | $28.8K | $29.9K | $27.8K | $28.0K | $28.1K |
| 2002 | $58.6K | $35.2K | $37.9K | $39.3K | $34.6K | $32.9K | $30.7K | $31.0K | $29.5K | $30.3K | $31.0K | $28.6K | $29.2K | $28.8K |
| 2003 | $60.2K | $36.3K | $38.6K | $39.2K | $34.3K | $33.1K | $30.9K | $32.0K | $30.3K | $30.9K | $31.8K | $29.0K | $30.4K | $29.2K |
| 2004 | $64.7K | $38.7K | $42.7K | $40.7K | $36.0K | $36.0K | $33.0K | $33.5K | $31.8K | $32.1K | $33.8K | $31.2K | $32.2K | $29.6K |
| 2005 | $68.8K | $40.5K | $48.2K | $42.1K | $37.8K | $38.0K | $34.2K | $34.8K | $32.3K | $33.2K | $34.2K | $32.0K | $32.8K | $30.1K |
| 2006 | $78.9K | $44.2K | $54.8K | $47.0K | $41.2K | $40.2K | $37.4K | $37.4K | $34.7K | $35.3K | $37.7K | $34.4K | $34.9K | $32.5K |
| 2007 | $85.1K | $46.8K | $56.9K | $51.8K | $44.2K | $42.1K | $39.1K | $39.2K | $36.9K | $36.8K | $40.8K | $37.8K | $35.7K | $34.1K |
| 2008 | $91.0K | $44.2K | $63.0K | $54.5K | $46.7K | $44.1K | $41.5K | $41.0K | $38.4K | $37.9K | $41.9K | $40.1K | $36.9K | $35.4K |
| 2009 | $86.9K | $41.5K | $56.8K | $53.9K | $45.0K | $42.1K | $40.5K | $40.7K | $37.6K | $37.9K | $40.1K | $38.0K | $35.3K | $34.5K |
| 2010 | $90.3K | $43.2K | $59.4K | $55.4K | $45.3K | $40.3K | $43.0K | $41.7K | $39.7K | $39.8K | $42.0K | $38.9K | $36.6K | $35.0K |
| 2011 | $94.5K | $45.5K | $63.9K | $58.4K | $47.0K | $41.4K | $44.4K | $44.2K | $43.4K | $41.2K | $44.3K | $40.8K | $37.4K | $36.4K |
| 2012 | $96.6K | $46.7K | $67.4K | $60.4K | $47.7K | $42.6K | $44.8K | $46.2K | $44.2K | $42.5K | $45.2K | $40.7K | $38.5K | $36.3K |
| 2013 | $100.9K | $48.8K | $69.2K | $62.7K | $49.6K | $44.7K | $46.9K | $47.5K | $45.9K | $43.9K | $46.1K | $41.3K | $40.1K | $36.5K |
| 2014 | $105.3K | $52.6K | $68.2K | $64.7K | $49.8K | $46.5K | $47.9K | $48.4K | $47.9K | $45.1K | $46.8K | $41.5K | $41.5K | $36.7K |
| 2015 | $107.9K | $71.5K | $62.7K | $66.4K | $51.0K | $49.7K | $48.9K | $49.5K | $48.6K | $46.1K | $48.8K | $42.3K | $42.8K | $37.4K |
| 2016 | $113.4K | $72.9K | $61.3K | $68.4K | $53.2K | $54.2K | $51.8K | $52.4K | $51.6K | $48.4K | $50.2K | $44.6K | $44.4K | $40.5K |
| 2017 | $115.0K | $80.4K | $66.8K | $69.3K | $56.0K | $56.4K | $55.3K | $53.9K | $54.1K | $50.3K | $51.4K | $47.2K | $46.4K | $42.1K |
| 2018 | $116.6K | $86.4K | $72.6K | $72.2K | $58.8K | $58.1K | $57.2K | $56.6K | $56.3K | $52.5K | $53.0K | $49.2K | $47.6K | $43.6K |
| 2019 | $121.4K | $92.0K | $73.6K | $75.3K | $62.3K | $61.3K | $60.6K | $60.4K | $59.3K | $56.7K | $56.9K | $52.3K | $50.5K | $46.7K |
| 2020 | $122.1K | $97.7K | $69.8K | $74.4K | $62.6K | $56.8K | $62.7K | $58.5K | $58.7K | $56.1K | $57.4K | $53.3K | $48.7K | $44.4K |
| 2021 | $136.8K | $116.7K | $92.2K | $83.5K | $68.6K | $62.7K | $69.3K | $63.0K | $62.6K | $60.7K | $62.2K | $56.8K | $51.8K | $49.8K |
| 2022 | $146.9K | $138.5K | $129.9K | $94.6K | $78.6K | $76.6K | $78.6K | $72.3K | $69.7K | $68.9K | $66.5K | $62.1K | $60.3K | $57.3K |
| 2023 | $152.6K | $133.4K | $107.8K | $93.9K | $80.4K | $82.3K | $77.4K | $74.3K | $72.3K | $72.6K | $68.5K | $63.5K | $60.8K | $60.3K |
| 2024 | $156.1K | $140.8K | $105.7K | $97.5K | $85.2K | $83.6K | $80.9K | $75.8K | $74.0K | $74.2K | $71.2K | $65.1K | $62.8K | $62.3K |
| 2025 | $156.5K | $155.1K | $104.0K | $102.5K | $87.3K | $83.4K | $83.2K | $76.8K | $75.4K | $74.7K | $72.5K | $65.9K | $64.6K | $62.8K |
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Frequently asked questions
What is the richest country in Europe?
In 2025, Luxembourg ranks #1 with $156.5K, followed by Ireland ($155.1K) and Norway ($104.0K). Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD), GDP per person, PPP, current international $ thousands; Europe.
What is the richest country in Europe?
Luxembourg is the richest country in Europe by GDP per person, at about $156.5 thousand in 2025 in PPP terms. Ireland is second at $155.1 thousand and Norway third at $104.0 thousand.
Who was Europe's richest country in 1990?
Luxembourg was also the richest in 1990, at about $29.9 thousand per person in PPP terms. Switzerland was second at $28.9 thousand and Iceland third at $22.8 thousand.
What does PPP mean in GDP per person?
PPP stands for purchasing power parity. It adjusts GDP per person for price differences between countries, so it compares what incomes can buy rather than raw exchange-rate values. It is still an average and does not show how income is shared.
Where does this data come from?
World Bank, World Development Indicators (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD), GDP per person, PPP, current international $ thousands; Europe. Retrieved November 4, 2026. You can download the full table as a CSV from this page.
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